What is Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Presentation? - Dr. Manish Sharma

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a gradual loss of kidney function over time, leading to the kidneys' inability to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood effectively. It’s a progressive condition that can lead to serious health complications, including kidney failure, if not properly managed. CKD is typically classified into five stages, with the severity increasing as kidney function declines.

Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease:
CKD is often caused by underlying conditions that affect kidney health, including:

• Diabetes: High blood sugar levels can damage the kidneys over time.
• Hypertension (High Blood Pressure): Uncontrolled high blood pressure can harm the kidneys’ blood vessels.
• Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of the kidney’s filtering units.
• Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD): A genetic disorder causing fluid-filled cysts to grow in the kidneys.
• Prolonged Use of NSAIDs: Long-term use of pain medications such as ibuprofen can harm kidney function.

Symptoms and Presentation of Chronic Kidney Disease:
In its early stages, CKD may be asymptomatic or present very mild symptoms. As the disease progresses, patients may experience:

1. Fatigue: Due to a buildup of toxins in the blood.
2. Swelling (Edema): In the legs, ankles, feet, and around the eyes, due to fluid retention.
3. Changes in Urination: Increased frequency, especially at night, or foamy urine.
4. Shortness of Breath: From fluid buildup in the lungs.
5. Muscle Cramps: Particularly at night.
6. Loss of Appetite and Nausea: Caused by waste buildup in the bloodstream.

Diagnosis and Management:
Diagnosis of CKD typically involves:

• Blood Tests: To measure creatinine and estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
• Urine Tests: To check for albumin or protein leakage, indicating kidney damage.
• Imaging Tests: Such as ultrasound or CT scans to assess kidney structure.
• Kidney Biopsy: In certain cases, to identify the underlying cause of CKD.

Treatment:
While CKD cannot be cured, it can be managed effectively to slow its progression. Treatment options include:

• Medications: To control blood pressure, manage diabetes, or reduce protein leakage.
• Lifestyle Changes: Such as dietary modifications, weight management, and smoking cessation.
• Dialysis or Kidney Transplant: In advanced stages, these interventions may be necessary.

For individuals at risk or experiencing symptoms, early detection and management are key to preventing further kidney damage. Regular check-ups with a nephrologist, like Dr. Manish Sharma, can ensure timely intervention and personalized care for optimal kidney health.